Joint Routing and Charging Problem of Electric Vehicles With Incentive-Aware Customers Considering Spatio-Temporal Charging Prices

This paper investigates the scheduling problem of a fleet electric vehicles, providing mobility as service to set time-specified customers, where operator needs solve routing and charging jointly for each EV. We consider incentive-aware customers propose that offers monetary incentives in exchange time flexibility. In this way, can arrive at schedule with lower costs, whilst receive compensation their Specifically, we first bi-level optimization model whereby optimizes accounting spatio-temporal varying price, incentive reimburse delivery flexibility experienced by customers. Concurrently choose own minimizing cost. Second, cope computational burden coming from nonlinear an accurate reformulation approach consisting Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions, Big-M-based linearization method, zero duality gap convex problems. thus convert proposed into single-level problem, which be solved strengthened generalized Benders decomposition method holding faster convergence rate than classic method. To evaluate effectiveness mathematical model, carry out numerous simulation experiments using VRP-REP data Belgium. The numerical results showcase reduce fees together cost operation incurred operator.